Physical vs. Chemical SPF Filters in Sunscreens: What’s the Difference and Which One to Choose?

June 3, 2025

With the arrival of the sunny season, the topic of sun protection becomes especially relevant. Most of us already know well: SPF is an essential step in skincare, even on cloudy days. But when it comes to choosing a product, confusion arises: physical or chemical filter? What is the difference between them, and how do you understand which one suits you best?

What are SPF filters?

Filters in sunscreens are active ingredients that protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation. They are divided into two main types: physical (also called mineral) filters and chemical filters.

Physical (mineral) filters

These include zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. They act like a mirror — reflecting and scattering the sun’s rays before they penetrate the skin. Sunscreens with these filters usually have a thicker texture and may leave a white cast — which is why they are sometimes avoided for everyday use.

Advantages:

Start working immediately after application.
Lower risk of irritation — ideal for sensitive skin.
Stable under sunlight, they don’t break down as quickly as chemical filters.

Disadvantages:

May leave a white residue, especially on darker or tanned skin.
Sometimes harder to spread and can weigh down makeup.

Chemical filters

These include a broad class of substances such as avobenzone, octocrylene, octinoxate, Tinosorb S/M, and others. They work differently: absorbing ultraviolet rays and converting them into heat, which is safely dissipated.

Advantages:

Lightweight, often invisible textures on the skin.
Suitable for daily use, especially under makeup.
Do not leave a white cast.

Disadvantages:

Need to wait 15–20 minutes after application before the product becomes effective.
May cause irritation or allergies, especially on sensitive or acne-prone skin.
Some filters (e.g., avobenzone) are unstable in sunlight and require additional stabilizers.

Chemical filters are divided into old and new generation SPF filters. For more details, see the article: “All About New-Generation Chemical Sunscreen SPF Filters.”

What to choose?

The choice depends on your skin type, lifestyle, and personal preferences:

If you have sensitive, allergic, or child’s skin, it’s better to choose mineral filters — they are gentler and rarely cause reactions.
If you want a comfortable product for everyday use that doesn’t interfere with foundation — consider chemical filters or combined formulas.
For the beach, sports, or active sun exposure, it’s best to choose water-resistant products with high SPF, regardless of filter type.

Combined formulas — the golden mean

Today, many brands offer sunscreens combining physical and chemical filters to achieve maximum effectiveness and comfort of use. Such products provide broad-spectrum protection (UVA + UVB) while maintaining a comfortable texture.

Conclusion

There is no “better” or “worse” type of SPF filter — there is one that suits you best. The important thing is that you like the product and use it daily, applying the right amount. Because the best sun protection is the one you actually use.

Your skin will thank you!